For young workers in Oklahoma, knowing the state’s labor laws is essential to ensuring compliance with regulations while gaining valuable work experience.
Oklahoma has specific rules regarding the legal working age, work permits, and job restrictions for minors. Understanding these laws helps both employers and employees navigate the workforce safely and legally.
Minimum Working Age in Oklahoma
In Oklahoma, the minimum age for employment is 14 years old for most jobs. However, there are exceptions where younger children may work under certain conditions, such as in entertainment, family businesses, or agricultural work. Federal and state laws work together to regulate employment for minors, ensuring that work does not interfere with education or well-being.
Work Permit Requirements
Minors aged 14 and 15 must obtain a work permit, also known as an Employment Certificate, before starting a job. This certificate verifies that the minor meets age requirements and that the job complies with state labor laws.
How to Obtain a Work Permit:
- Get a Job Offer: A minor must first receive an offer of employment.
- Complete an Application: The minor, along with their parent or guardian, must complete an Employment Certificate application.
- School Approval: The school where the minor is enrolled must approve the application to ensure that employment does not interfere with education.
- Submission to Employer: Once issued, the employer keeps the certificate on file for compliance purposes.
Minors 16 and older do not need a work permit but must still follow Oklahoma’s labor laws regarding working hours and job restrictions.
Restricted Jobs for Minors
To protect the health and safety of young workers, both state and federal laws prohibit minors from performing hazardous work.
Prohibited Jobs for 14- and 15-Year-Olds:
- Operating heavy machinery or power-driven equipment
- Construction work, except in limited apprentice or student-learner programs
- Working in manufacturing or mining
- Operating motor vehicles or assisting in vehicle repair
- Handling explosives or chemicals
- Work involving ladder use or roofing
Additional Restrictions for 16- and 17-Year-Olds:
Although 16- and 17-year-olds have fewer restrictions, they are still prohibited from engaging in certain high-risk jobs, such as:
- Operating forklifts or other industrial vehicles
- Handling hazardous substances
- Work in sawmills, logging, or roofing operations
- Any occupation declared hazardous by the U.S. Department of Labor
Working Hours for Minors
Oklahoma places limits on the number of hours minors can work to ensure that employment does not interfere with schooling.
For 14- and 15-Year-Olds:
- When school is in session: Maximum of 3 hours per day and 18 hours per week.
- When school is not in session: Maximum of 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week.
- Work hours must be between 7:00 AM and 7:00 PM during the school year.
- In the summer (June 1 through Labor Day), work is allowed until 9:00 PM.
For 16- and 17-Year-Olds:
- No daily hour limits, but school attendance requirements must be met.
- Cannot work more than 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week when school is in session.
- Can work extended hours when school is not in session, but must comply with federal restrictions.
Exemptions and Special Cases
Some minors are exempt from Oklahoma’s child labor laws. These exemptions include:
- Agricultural Work: Minors of any age can work on family-owned farms or perform non-hazardous agricultural jobs outside of school hours.
- Entertainment Industry: Children under 14 can work in acting, modeling, or performing with proper permits.
- Family Businesses: Minors working for a business owned by their parents (as long as the work is not hazardous) are generally exempt.
Consequences of Violating Child Labor Laws
Employers who violate Oklahoma’s child labor laws may face penalties, including fines and legal action. The Oklahoma Department of Labor and the U.S. Department of Labor’s Wage and Hour Division enforce these regulations. Parents and employers should ensure compliance to avoid consequences.
Conclusion
Oklahoma’s labor laws protect minors while allowing them to gain valuable work experience. Understanding the requirements for work permits, job restrictions, and working hours helps young employees and employers navigate employment safely and legally. Minors, parents, and business owners should stay informed about these regulations to promote a safe and fair working environment.
