In Colorado, young people who want to enter the workforce must follow specific state and federal labor laws. These regulations help ensure that minors are not placed in dangerous work environments or subjected to unfair treatment. Whether you’re a teen looking for a job, a parent helping your child navigate employment, or an employer hiring young workers, understanding the rules regarding legal working age, permits, and restricted jobs is crucial.
Minimum Age to Work in Colorado
The minimum working age in Colorado is 14 years old, with some exceptions allowing younger children to work in certain industries like entertainment, newspaper delivery, or family-owned businesses. Federal law, under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), also sets limits on the types of jobs and hours minors can work.
Here’s a general breakdown:
- Under 14: Generally not permitted to work except in limited fields (e.g., acting, babysitting, family businesses).
- Ages 14-15: Allowed to work in non-hazardous jobs with restrictions on hours.
- Ages 16-17: Can work longer hours but still face limitations on hazardous jobs.
- 18 and older: No restrictions under child labor laws.
Who Needs a Work Permit in Colorado?
Unlike some states, Colorado does not require work permits for minors. Instead, employers must verify the age of young workers using official documents like a birth certificate, passport, or driver’s license. However, minors under 16 may need a school release form if they plan to work during school hours.
Employers hiring minors should keep records of their ages and ensure compliance with both state and federal laws.
Work Hour Restrictions for Minors
Colorado law places restrictions on how many hours minors can work to prevent interference with school and ensure safety. These rules vary based on age:
Ages 14-15
- Cannot work during school hours on weekdays.
- May work up to 3 hours on school days and 8 hours on non-school days.
- Maximum 18 hours per week when school is in session.
- Maximum 40 hours per week when school is not in session.
- Work is permitted between 7 AM and 7 PM, extending to 9 PM in summer.
Ages 16-17
- No restrictions on work hours under Colorado law.
- Federal law prohibits work in hazardous occupations.
Restricted Jobs for Minors
Certain jobs are off-limits to minors due to safety concerns. The following jobs are prohibited for workers under 18:
- Manufacturing or storing explosives
- Mining and operating heavy machinery
- Roofing and demolition
- Logging and sawmill operations
- Operating power-driven equipment (like meat slicers and forklifts)
- Work involving exposure to radioactive materials
- Jobs in slaughterhouses
For 14- and 15-year-olds, additional restrictions include:
- No work in warehouses, construction, or manufacturing
- No cooking (except limited duties like serving food or operating a toaster)
- No operating motor vehicles
- No work in jobs involving dangerous chemicals
How Employers Can Stay Compliant
Employers hiring minors in Colorado must follow strict regulations to avoid penalties. Here are the key steps to compliance:
- Verify Age – Keep a record of each minor’s birth certificate, passport, or other official documentation.
- Follow Hour Restrictions – Ensure minors under 16 work within legal hour limits.
- Avoid Restricted Jobs – Do not assign minors to hazardous tasks.
- Provide Fair Wages – Pay at least the Colorado minimum wage ($14.42 per hour in 2024), unless exceptions apply.
- Ensure Breaks and Rest Periods – Minors must receive a 30-minute break after 5 hours of work.
- Maintain Records – Keep employment records for at least three years.
Consequences of Violating Child Labor Laws
Employers who violate Colorado’s child labor laws may face penalties, including:
- Fines from the Colorado Department of Labor and Employment (CDLE)
- Federal fines from the U.S. Department of Labor
- Possible lawsuits from employees or their guardians
Parents and teens should also be aware of their rights and report any violations.
Tips for Teens Seeking Employment
If you’re a teen looking for a job in Colorado, follow these steps:
- Research jobs that are legally permitted for your age.
- Prepare a resume and practice interview skills.
- Confirm your potential employer follows child labor laws.
- Keep track of your hours and pay to ensure fair treatment.
Conclusion
Colorado offers many job opportunities for young workers, but specific laws protect their safety and education. While work permits aren’t required, minors and employers must follow strict guidelines regarding job types and work hours. Understanding and complying with these laws helps ensure a positive experience for both teens and employers. If in doubt, always check with the Colorado Department of Labor and Employment for the latest regulations.
