In Maryland, many teenagers want to enter the workforce for extra income, experience, or independence. But before they can get their first job, there are important rules and requirements to follow. From work permits to age restrictions and job limitations, Maryland has clear laws designed to protect young workers.
Whether you’re a teen, a parent, or an employer, here’s everything you need to know about how youth employment works in the state.
Minimum Age to Work in Maryland
In Maryland, 14 years old is the minimum age a minor can begin working in most non-agricultural jobs. However, there are exceptions:
- Under 14: Teens younger than 14 generally cannot work, except in specific situations such as:
- Babysitting
- Working in a family business
- Delivering newspapers
- Performing in entertainment (with special approval)
Work Permits Are Mandatory
All minors under 18 must obtain a work permit before beginning a job. Here’s how it works:
- Apply Online: The minor must complete a work permit application through the Maryland Department of Labor’s website.
- Parental Consent: A parent or guardian must approve the application.
- Job Offer First: Teens must have a job offer in place before applying.
- Employer Approval: The employer signs off on the permit after hiring the teen.
- Keep It on File: Employers must keep the signed permit on file during the teen’s employment.
Hour Restrictions by Age
Maryland law limits the number of hours minors can work, especially during the school year. These restrictions vary depending on the teen’s age:
For 14- and 15-year-olds:
- School Days: Max 3 hours per day, and 18 hours per week
- Non-School Days: Max 8 hours per day, and 40 hours per week
- Work Hours: Only between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m., extended to 9 p.m. from June 1 through Labor Day
For 16- and 17-year-olds:
- No set limits on hours by Maryland state law, but federal law still applies:
- Cannot be scheduled during school hours
- Must be provided rest breaks after working certain hours
- Employers must follow overtime and minimum wage laws
Jobs Teens Are Allowed to Do
Maryland has restrictions on what types of jobs minors can legally work based on age.
14- and 15-year-olds may work in:
- Retail stores
- Food service (like bussing tables or cashiering)
- Grocery stores
- Amusement parks
- Office work (clerical duties)
16- and 17-year-olds may also work in:
- Cooking (with limited use of equipment)
- Delivery (non-driving roles)
- Landscaping or janitorial work
- Lifeguarding (with certification)
Prohibited Jobs for Minors
Certain jobs are considered too dangerous or inappropriate for anyone under 18. Maryland follows both state and federal Hazardous Occupation Orders.
Minors cannot work in:
- Operating heavy machinery
- Roofing, excavation, or demolition
- Mining or manufacturing explosives
- Jobs involving exposure to toxic substances
- Serving or selling alcohol (under 21)
Parental and Employer Responsibility
Parents should stay involved in their child’s employment decisions—helping them choose safe, age-appropriate jobs and ensuring school performance doesn’t suffer. Employers must:
- Verify the minor’s age
- Keep work permits on file
- Provide a safe work environment
- Follow state and federal laws at all times
Failure to follow child labor laws can result in penalties for employers, including fines and legal action.
Getting Help and More Information
If you’re unsure whether a job or schedule is legal for a minor, you can contact the Maryland Department of Labor, Division of Labor and Industry. They provide updated guidance on work permits, job restrictions, and complaint filing.
Conclusion
Maryland offers teens a chance to start their working journey early, but with that opportunity comes responsibility and regulation. From obtaining a work permit to understanding job restrictions, it’s essential to follow the law for a safe and legal work experience. Whether you’re a teenager taking your first step into the workforce or a parent helping your child navigate their first job, staying informed is key to success.
